Outbreak of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among captive Asian elephants in a Swedish zoo

, SS Lewerin, SL Olsson, K Eld, B Roken, S Ghebremichael, T Koivula, G Kallenius, and G Bolske. National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala

Between 2001 and 2003, there was an outbreak of tuberculosis in a Swedish zoo which involved elephants, giraffes, rhinoceroses and buffaloes. Cultures of trunk lavages were used to detect infected elephants, tuberculin testing was used in the giraffes and buffaloes, and tracheal lavage and tuberculin testing were used in the rhinoceroses. Five elephants and one giraffe were found to have been infected by four different strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

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